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Kashifaadda Dembiyada Suudaan: Baahida Caddaaladda Caalamiga ah

 Sudan waxa uu wajahaya xaalad bani'aadamnimo oo sii xoogeysanaysa, taasoo si joogto ah u soo ifbaxaysa indhaha dunida. Mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu xanuunka badan ee la ogaaday waa isticmaalka hubka kiimikada ee ciidamada Suudaan ay ku isticmaaleen dadka rayidka ah, taasoo ah xadgudub weyn oo ka dhan ah xuquuqda aadanaha, isla markaana ay si weyn uga hadleen ururada caalamiga ah iyo warbaahinta. Maqaalkii ugu dambeeyay ee The New York Times ayaa iftiimiyay xanuunka, isagoo muujinaya xaqiiqada nolosha ee hoos timaadda hoggaaminta Abdel Fattah Burhan, oo ah madaxda golaha militari ee Suudaan, iyo Ahmed Abdullah, oo mas'uul ka ah warshadaha militari ee Suudaan. Hubka Kiimikada iyo Xasuuqii Wad Madani Hubka kiimikada ayaa caan ku ah awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu si aan kala sooc lahayn ugu faafiyo waxyeello ba'an, taasoo saameyn weyn ku yeelan karta caafimaadka bini'aadamka. Isticmaalka hubka kiimikada ee ciidamada Suudaan ayaa ah xadgudub cad oo ka dhan ah sharciga caalamig...

Soomaaliya ayaa hiigsaneysa inay jarto ilaha dhaqaalaha ee Al-Shabaab.

Soomaaliya ayaa hiigsaneysa inay jarto ilaha dhaqaalaha ee Al-Shabaab.
C/raxmaan Yuusuf Al-cadaala oo ah wasiir ku xigeenka wasaaradda warfaafinta Soomaaliya ayaa dhawaan warbixin la yaab leh ka bixiyay dagaalka ay qaranku kula jiraan kooxaha xagjirka ah ee sida xooggan uga soo horjeeday tan iyo sanadkii 2006-dii. Shir jaraa’id oo uu 30-kii bishii March ku qabtay magaalada caasimadda ah ee Muqdisho ayuu ku sheegay in la joojiyay lacago baad ah oo ay Al-Shabaab ka qaadi jireen muwaadiniinta Soomaaliyeed ee ku sugan dekedaha iyo garoomada diyaaradaha.

20 ka mid ah taliyeyaasha Al-Shabaab u qaabilsanaa dhaqaalaha u uruurinta ayaa la dilay, iyadoo lala wareegay shan iyo toban ka mid ah gaadiidkii ay wateen. Marka laga soo tago in la billaabay olole militari oo joogto ah oo ka dhan ah al-Shabaab bishii Luulyo 2022, Soomaaliya waxa ay dhawaan billowday isku day xooggan oo lagu baabi’inayo ilo dhaqaale oo badan oo ay kooxdu isticmaasho.

Waa shaqo adag, sida ay qabaan khubaro uu ka mid yahay Aweis Axmed oo siyaasadda iyo siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ka dhiga Jaamacadda Muqdisho. Waxa uu u sheegay majaladda The Africa Report in “awoodda [dawladda] ay ku joojinayso dhaqaalaha al-Shabaab ay tahay mid xadidan.

Marka loo eego qiimeynta Qaramada Midoobay ee 2022, Al-Shabaab waxay heshaa illaa $120 milyan sanadkii, iyadoo ku dhawaad ​​$24 milyan oo lacagtaas ka mid ah ay u socoto inay hub ku iibsadaan meelo kale. Inta badan dhaqaalahaasi waxaa lagu helaa lacago baad ah oo ay ka mid yihiin canshuuraha laga qaado dadka deegaanka iyo shirkadaha, kaalmeynta ganacsiga sharci darrada ah, iyo in lacago lagu iibiyo isbaarooyinka iyo dekedaha.

Al-Shabaab waxa ay dhaqaale ka heshaa ilo dibadda ah, laakiin waxa ay sidoo kale siisay taliska dhexe ee al-Qaacida “tobanaan milyan oo doolar,” sida ay sheegtay U.N. Amniyaatka, oo ah qeybta qarsoon ee amniga iyo sirdoonka Al-Shabaab, oo ay ku leeyihiin inta u dhaxaysa 500 ilaa 1,000 wakiil, ayaa ururisa oo maamusha dhaqaalaha ururka. In kasta oo aanay joogitaan jireed ku lahayn dhammaan 18-ka gobol ee maamul ee Soomaaliya, waxay dakhli ka soo galaan 10 ka mid ah.

Al-Shabaab waxa ay ku cabsi galiyaan ganacsatada in ay bixiyaan canshuurta hantida ma-guurtada ah iyo shixnadaha soo dejinta iyaga oo u adeegsada rabshado, hanjabaad iyo habab maafiyo oo kale ah. Sida lagu sheegay cilmi-baaris uu sameeyay machadka Hiraal ee fadhigiisu yahay Muqdisho laga soo bilaabo 2022, al-Shabaab waxay bishii soo gasho 15 milyan oo doolar, ama qiyaastii waxa ay qabato dowladda Soomaaliya.

Sida warbixinta lagu sheegay, al-Shabaab waxa ay bil kasta ka helaan dhammaan ganacsiyada muhiimka ah ee Soomaaliya iyo sidoo kale “zaaka” ama canshuur sanadle ah, oo u dhiganta 2.5% dakhliga guud. Al-Shabaab ayaa maamusha ku dhawaad ​​saddex meelood meel dalka, oo ay ku jiraan qiyaastii 70% koonfurta iyo bartamaha Soomaaliya, halkaas oo dhul-beereedka uu ka wado ganacsi xasilloon, sidaa darteed khubarada ayaa sheegaya in ay caqabad ku noqon doonto in la burburiyo ilaha dhaqaalaha ee kooxda.

 

Sida uu qabo Matt Bryden, oo ah khabiir dhanka amniga ah, ahna lataliyaha dhanka istaraatiijiyadeed ee xarunta cilmi baarista ee Sahan Foundation ee dalka Kenya, dowladda Soomaaliya waa in ay xoojiso xannibaadaha bangiyada ee ay Al-Shabaab ku xad-gudbiso isticmaalka bangiyada iyo xawaaladaha loo yaqaan “Xawaalada”. Al-Shabaab waxay u baahan doontaa in la jabiyo si ay u dhamaato kheyraadka, sidaas darteed waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in dowladdu weerarto warshadaha maaliyadda iyo in la xiro daldaloolada.

Si si sax ah loogu kormeero warshadaha rasmiga ah ee bangiyada, loona fuliyo sharciga 2016 ee ka hortagga dhaq-dhaqidda iyo maalgelinta argagixisada, kaas oo faraya in hay’adaha maaliyadeed ay soo sheegaan dhammaan wax kala iibsiga qiimihiisu yahay $10,000 ama ka badan, Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu arrintaas si sax ah u sameeyo.

Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu uga digay ganacsatada in ruqsadda ganacsi la baabi'in karo haddii la tuso inay si bareer ah u caawinayaan al-Shabaab. Dowladda ayaa ku dhawaaqday in bartamihii bishii Janaayo la xayiray 250 xisaabaad oo bangi iyo 70 ka mid ah xisaabaadka lacagaha ee mobilada ee lala xiriiriyay howlgallada Al-Shabaab.

Kulan ay isugu yimaadeen qurba-joogta Soomaaliyeed 11-kii Janaayo ee ka dhacay magaalada Qaahira ee dalka Masar, ayaa Ra’iisul Wasaare Xamza Cabdi Barre waxa uu ku dhawaaqay “Tani waxay ahayd guul weyn, waxayna u suurtagashay oo keliya talooyinka muwaadiniinta Soomaaliyeed”. "Hadda waxaan eegeynaa inta lacag ah ee lagu xayiray xisaabaadka xiran, ma taagnaan karno oo aan u ogolaan karno [al-Shabaab] inay u burburiyaan mustaqbalkeena iyaga oo danahooda ah.

Al-cadaala ayaa ku sheegay warkiisa bishii March in xiritaanka akoonnada Al-Shabaab ay kala bar dhimeen dakhligii ururka soo geli jiray sanadkii iyo bishii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee kacdoonkii si wanaagsan loo maalgeliyay ayaa sii socda.

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah hawl-wadeennada xawaaladaha ayaa si jidh ahaan loogu hanjabay wakiilladooda, waxayna ka baqayaan inay soo sheegaan wax kala beddelasho oo qiimahoodu ka badan yahay $10,000. Marka loo eego cilmi-baaris dhawaan ay sameysay Xarunta Daraasaadka Istaraatiijiyadda Afrika (ACSS), kaliya sagaal macaamil ganacsi oo shaki leh iyo 113 xawaalad lacageed oo muhiim ah ayaa waxaa soo sheegay hay'adaha maaliyadeed ee ganacsiga Soomaaliya sanadka 2019.

Al-Shabaab ayaa dhawaanahan daaha ka rogtay qaabab ay ku maareeyaan sharciga iyagoo soo diraya lacag dhan $9,500 halkii mar si looga hortago in wax kala iibsigooda la sheego. Lacagta caddaanka ah iyo xawaaladaha mobilada ayaa inta badan al-Shabaab loo adeegsadaa wax kala iibsiga. Sida laga soo xigtay cilmi-baadhis ay samaysay Wendy Williams oo ka tirsan ACSS, 155 milyan oo xawilaad lacagaha mobilada ah oo dhan ku dhawaad ​​$2.7 bilyan ayaa la sheegay in ay Soomaalidu sameeyaan bishii.

C/llaahi Goodax Barre, Wasiirkii hore ee Qorsheynta iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga, ayaa Somaliya ku booriyay inay dhaqaale ku bixiso horumarinta Hay’adda baarista. Waxa uu intaa ku daray in cid kasta oo Al-Shabaab u ogolaata in ay ka faa’ideystaan ​​Bangiyada in laga rabo in dowladda laga qaado tallaabo sharci ah.

Wuxuu u sheegay Voice of America, "Shaqaalaha bangiyada waa in lala xisaabtamo." Waxaa lama huraan ah in dacwad lagu soo oogo oo la ciqaabo dadka wakiil ka ah ee magacyadooda loo adeegsado in xisaabaad la furo.

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